Introduction. In This Paper, I Will Cover My Field Experience

Introduction In this paper, I will cover my field experience and what I observed in the classroom. It will go in depth about different philosophies and ideas used in the classroom, and also focus on the motivation and classroom management within the classroom. In the end, I will conclude with my opinion on the positives and negatives from the class, and how I would run my class differently from the educator I observed. Prince Avenue Christian School For my twenty hours of field experience, I observed at a small private school located in Oconee County (Bogart, Georgia) called Prince Avenue Christian School. Prince Avenue originally opened in Athens, Georgia in 1978, but would move to Bogart in 2007 due to the growth of the school and†¦show more content†¦Dillard. For the most part, I was able to watch and observe her class, and see her teaching philosophy within the class. I was able to gather a lot of information and learn more than I expected coming into her classroom. The main ideas were different ways of motivation and classroom management. After being in Mrs. Dillard s classes for a week, I realized each course had a little different layout for the class. After realizing the differences, I asked Mrs. Dillard, Why is each class layout different? She replied, I believe every class is different, and that I, as the teacher, need to conform to their learning style rather than them conform to my teaching style. Once she answered my question, I felt more enlightened about teaching. Always being a student, I have viewed learning from one perspective only, but now I am beginning to see different learning styles and formats from being an education major. In the six classes Mrs. Dillard teaches, she used two tools to teach her students: interactive notebook and PowerPoint. For the mathematically inclined classes (7th: Pre-Algebra; 8th: Algebra I), Mrs. Dillard taught using PowerPoint’s. 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Rise and Fall of Athens and Ancient Rome Essay examples

History has witnessed the rise and fall of many powerful cities, starting with Ur and Babylon and continuing into present day with cities such as New York City. Two of these cities, ancient Athens and ancient Rome, stand out from other cities of their time due to their culture, politics, and influence, both on the world around them and on future civilizations. These strengths qualify them as world cities, and despite their eventual losses of power, their legacies live on. Athens obtained hegemony around 448 BC, right after the war-like city-state of Sparta. Athens’ Golden Age was under the rule of Pericles, who initiated a large number of public works projects and encouraged the arts and literature. With the help of rulers such as†¦show more content†¦Called the â€Å"Eternal City,† Rome emerged as the capital city of a powerful Republic at about 508 BC. 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Management of Telstra Free-Samples for Students Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Define, describe and discuss academic theory/concepts on the Purpose of an Organisation. Identify the purposes of your chosen Organisation. 2.Define and describe academic theory/concepts on an Organisations general environment. 3.Define and describe academic theory/concepts on Organisational Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics. 4.Define and describe academic theory/concepts on Organisational culture. Answers: Introduction The business reports form an integral part of the management of an organization. In order to assess as well as track the company, and its progress, it is highly important that a company maintains its business reports. The business report of a company enlightens each of its stakeholders about the current business scenario, revenue generating capacity as well as the future sustainability prospects of the company. The present business report intends to offer a critical analysis and evaluation of the market scenario of Telstra, the largest telecommunication and Media Company of Australia. Telstra Corporation Limited also referred to as Telstra, since its inception in the year of 1975, has been achieving unprecedented recognition and success. The range of services offered by the company includes a variety of entertainment products and services, such as telecommunication networks, internet access, pay television service, mobile service and markets voice. However, despite its organizational success, the future sustainability of any company depends on a number of factors that can only ensure its long-term sustainability. Accordingly, the present business report intends to critically analyze the future sustainability of Telstra depends on the effectiveness of the organizational culture, suitability of the business environment, and the sustainable approach undertaken by the company. 1.The importance of strategic management while managing business activities in an organization cannot be overstated. It should be remembered that each organization has a mission statement and a vision statement. While the mission statement of an organization helps it determine its immediate objectives and goals and work towards the accomplishment of the same, the vision statement of the organization help it develop the desired future position (Rothaermel 2014). As far as the immediate Mission Statement of Telstra is concerned, the organization intends to build the technology and content solutions in the most innovative way so that the company can serve its consumers better, and hence knowing and comprehending the demands of the customers form an important aspect of their Mission Statement as well (Telstra.com.au, 2017). As far as the vision of the company is concerned, it is based on three strategic pillars. Telstra intends to drive value and growth right from the core and for ensuri ng long-term sustenance the company intends to offer exceptionally high quality customer experience to the consumers. Telstra is a profit oriented organization as it operates with the primary objective of making money. By providing high quality personalized service to each client, and by becoming more responsive to the consumer needs, Telstra has succeeded in generating a striking growth in its profit. However, in this connection, it is important to mention here that the company has recently witnessed a drop in its profit from $2.09 billion last year to $1.79 billion this year (Letts 2017). 2.The general environment of the company is related to the different types of features such as workforce diversity, technological dimension, employee, labour market, unions, strategic partners, sustainability, political environment, stakeholders, customers, suppliers, specific environment, etc. Global leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness is a program that effects in the cultural aspect of the program. The general environment of the organization is considered as the important aspect of it as it is related to the development of the organization. The specific environment of Telstra consists of the groups, organizations and they interact in the business that is responsible for building business operations. The stakeholders of the organization are also included in the external environment of Tesco are engaged in the workplace diversity of the organization (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich 2013). The element of diversity and inclusion is the main aspect of the different types of o perational branches. The external environment of workplace diversity among the other aspects of external environment has been considered. Workplace diversity is an aspect that is recognised as a most beneficial aspect that is not only deals with the employees but also it deals with the stakeholders of the organization. Both internal stakeholders and external stakeholders of the organization i.e. Telstra comes under the aspect of the theories and organizational policies of the company (Rice 2015). Diversity management of Telstra is a complex and globalized theory of the company that creates a good workplace culture within the organization. It can be said that the company has many workplace issues related to the employees of different branches of Australia. The issues are also with the suppliers and the customers of Telstra and different kinds of other shareholders of the company. The diversity management theory of Thomas and Page are to be implemented in this perspective in order to solve the aspect of workplace diversity management and issues with the company. As it is a multinational company, hence it can be said that, mostly the cross cultural issues with the customers, suppliers and the employees are occurring that is responsible for the lower quality service in the country (Bond and Haynes 2014). The theoretical framework of diversity management of Thomas incorporates the following practices such as: Management of the inevitable diversity of the ever changing workforce is recognized as a necessary skill in terms of leaders and managers. The goal of diversity management results into better business results. If diversity management is maintained properly, then it is responsible of allowing every personnel to contribute in the organizational goals. A successful diversity management system is not responsible for the impact of bad image of one group into the other groups of the organization (Wambui et al. 2013). It is seen that the multinational organizations like Avon, Procter Gamble, Xerox, Digital Equipment Corporation, Corning, etc. are responsible for using the theory of diversity management in their organizational context. The theory of Thomas in diversity management is based on few tenets such as relationship with the increasing diversity in order to improve the business outcomes of the company. Telstra can implement the theoretical frameworks while managing the issues of the organization both in its headquarters and in other subsidiary offices of the country. Another theoretical concept of diversity management of Page is a concern for the different types of workplace issues related to inclusion and diversity. The principles of the theory and management of the diversity stated by Page is described below. In a problem solving group consists of people from mixed cultures, there is an increased problem complexity that is essential for the diversity in the group (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). Inclusion and diversity includes heuristics, diverse perspectives, models and categories that is not limited in the perspective of superficial characteristics. It can be said that a logical approach in terms of different types of practices of diversity management in the organization. Diversity and inclusion usually trumps ability (Barak 2016). The problem solving groups of organizations are known for the outstanding performance when they are following the practices of the diversity management theory of Page. It can be said that the theoretical frameworks of Pages theory of diversity management is considered as a set of processes of diversity management that is responsible for evaluating the efficiency and the different effects of inclusion and diversity within the organizational perspectives. 3.While profit maximization is the ulterior goal of any business organization, in order to ensure long-term sustenance an organization must conduct in the most responsible way. In case the employer metes out unethical treatment to his employees, the employees might feel de-motivated and leave the company. In case, the organization is focused more on making instant money, overlooking the satisfaction of the consumers, it is very likely that the consumers will switch to its rival company. Herein lays the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility. First of all, in order to create a culture of social responsibility within the organization, the managers will have to assume the role of ethical leaders, formulating effective ethical codes of conduct within the organization, guiding and shaping the attitude of the employees, and encouraging them to behave in a responsible way. While speaking of CSR and the role of ethical leadership in it, it is important to mention here that an organization can conduct its business in a responsible and ethical way, in two broad ways: By ensuring the well-being and overall sustainability of the community one is conducting business in By adopting an ethical approach while dealing with the staffs and consumers As far as Telstra is concerned, the company has already created its own Telstra Group Code of Conduct and Policy Framework that defines the standards of behavior that should guide and determine the managerial decisions taken by the company. Needless to state that the companys CSR initiatives have been recently acknowledged as the company has bagged the 2015 Ethical Boardroom Best Corporate Governance Award for the Telecoms market. However, recently the company has started outsourcing its customer care service, resulting in the loss of 326 customer care jobs (Verbos et al. 2007). The managerial decision to cut down the operational cost by terminating the employees came as a shock to the employees, and this resulted in the loss of talented workforce as well. Since the company has been too focused on generating huge profits at the expense of its consumer satisfaction and employee security, the company has ended up leaving many employees de-motivated. It is needless to state that such ra ndom dismissal of experienced employees does affect the brand reputation of the company, negatively affect the consumer experience and leads to low rates of employee productivity. It is completely understandable that at times, the managers encounter ethical dilemma and have to compromise with employee well-being for ensuring higher profitability. However, the company needs to conduct the ethical analysis of the situation rather than taking hasty decisions, especially when the decision concerns the well-being of stakeholders. It should be noted that apart from ensuring community sustainability, the organization needs to safeguard the well-being of its employees as well. The company, however, has a distinct Supplier Code of conduct that safeguards the human rights, health and overall well-being of the suppliers of Telstra. The consumers are the real assets of an organization, and hence it is highly important that the organization ensures integrity and transparency of facts, while deal ing with the consumers. Accordingly, considering the extent to which the electromagnetic energy can be detrimental to the consumers, Telstra offers relevant and up-to date information to its consumers regarding the use of mobile phones and the ways of ensuring mobile safety (Carroll and Shabana 2010). involved in working for the community affected with disasters. For example, in the recent Indian Ocean Tsunami, Telstra with the help of its responsible employees had donated a sum of $1,561,280.27 (Davidson et al. 2014). Again, the company is also known for arranging mental health campaigns, celebrating National Skin Cancer Action Week, as well as Womens Day and International Disability Day for encouraging a diverse workforce. It is important to mention here that Telstra does adopt a sustainable approach while dealing with the community it conducts trade in (Ferguson et al. 2016). The company is dedicated to conserve as well as protect the Banksia attenuata woodlands, classified as a threatened ecological community, and further the organization does work in collaboration with Perths Newman College students for rehabilitating an old access road into the International Telecommunications site (Clarke 2014). 4.Organizational culture is a perspective that is present within every organization for completing the business activities of the company. It can be said that it is the lifeline of the company in order to sustain the company in the competitive business world. The companys organization culture is responsible for meeting the organizational goals of the employees associated with it. It is evident that the companies having a strong organizational culture within the company are found to yield more productivity not only in terms of market but in case of the employees perspectives. In this situation, the organization culture of Telstra will be described that will focus on various operational activities of the company (Hogan and Coote 2014). The organizational culture of Telstra is represented by the collective beliefs, values and the working principles of the employees, etc. It is depended by many factors such as technology, product, market, management style, systems, norms, language, belie fs, habits, national culture, etc. However, it can be said that the aspect of organization culture of Telstra is the resulting factor of the production rate of the employees in the company. It is a proven fact that companies having cross-culture practices within the organizational context are having better relation with the employees as well as the customers. They will have a better understanding of the market (Nica 2013). By doing an interaction with the employees and other external stakeholders of Telstra it can be said that the organizational culture of Telstra is not strong in many aspects. The employees of different operational branches do not cooperate properly with the international clients properly that is the result of the weaker performance of the groups. However, the theory of Scheins organizational culture will be useful in the perspective of the organizational cultural issues of Telstra in the customer interaction. Schein model of organizational culture is divided into three groups such as artifacts, basic underlying assumptions and espoused values. Artifacts are the visible elements of the company that can be heard and felt. They are offices, facilities, recognitions, visible awards, furnishings, etc. Espoused values are the organizational goals and the values that the companies are practicing while establishing the organizational goals as well as team production (Glisson 2015). The basic underlying assumptions of the company are the normal assumptions that the strategic management department of the company assumed that it may create a problem in the future perspectives. The strategies of conserving the organizational culture of Telstra are formulated in a way so that it can be maintained from the core business levels. Conclusion It can be concluded that the Telstra Corporation is the leading provider of information and telecommunication services to the small businesses, consumers, government organizations and large enterprises. The company has a strong brand value and position in the telecom market of Australia. It is a competitive advantage to the telecom market of the country in terms of external environment, corporate social responsibility, strong market position, bundled service offerings, etc. The intense competition of the market is the reason of the development of the company in terms of solving the problem. The investment of the company in terms of the various types of building networks leadership. The company continues in developing into the strategic growth plan in terms of the Asia Pacific region of the world. Telstra has issues in the significant aspects of organizational culture and diversity that are solved in using theoretical frameworks. References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Barak, M.E.M., 2016.Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Bond, M.A. and Haynes, M.C., 2014. Workplace diversity: A socialecological framework and policy implications.Social Issues and Policy Review,8(1), pp.167-201. Carroll, A. and Shabana, K., 2010.The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practiceijmr_275 85. [online] Available at: https://finance.uw.edu/sites/default/files/Business%20Case%20for%20CSR%20Review%20of%20Concepts,%20Research%20and%20Practice.pdf [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Chrobot-Mason, D., Aramovich, N. P., 2013. The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity.Group Organization Management,38(6), 659-689. Clarke, T., 2014. CSR provides the moral compass that will empower good corporate governance. Davidson, F., Wreford, J., Pervan, G. and Penter, K., 2014, March. Capturing CSR: Doing Good Offshore. InInternational Workshop on Global Sourcing of Information Technology and Business Processes(pp. 98-113). Springer International Publishing. Ferguson, J., Sales de Aguiar, T.R. and Fearfull, A., 2016. Corporate response to climate change: language, power and symbolic construction.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(2), pp.278-304. Glisson, C., 2015. The role of organizational culture and climate in innovation and effectiveness.Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership Governance,39(4), pp.245-250. Hogan, S.J. and Coote, L.V., 2014. Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1609-1621. Letts, S. (2017). Shock drop pulls Telstra profit down to $1.8b, shares slump. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-16/telstra-profit-drops-14pc/8275594 [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Nica, E., 2013. Organizational culture in the public sector.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets,8(2), pp.179-184. Rice, M.F., 2015.Diversity and public administration. ME Sharpe. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Telstra.com.au., 2017.Telstra - Future - Our company. [online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/future [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Verbos, A.K., Gerard, J.A., Forshey, P.R., Harding, C.S. and Miller, J.S., 2007. The positive ethical organization: Enacting a living code of ethics and ethical organizational identity.Journal of Business Ethics,76(1), pp.17-33. Wambui, T.W., Wangombe, J.G., Muthura, M.W., Kamau, A.W. and Jackson, S.M., 2013. Managing Workplace Diversity: A Kenyan Pespective.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(16).

Raging Inferno By Dante Essays - Hell, Divine Comedy, Religion

Raging Inferno By Dante Dante Alighieri was born in Florence, Italy in 1265. In his life, he composed two major books of poetry: Vita Nuova and The Divine Comedy. The Vita Nuova is composed of love poems, sonnets, and lyrics. The Divine Comedy, is an epic poem segmented into three books, each of which recounts Dante's travels through hell, purgatory, and heaven. The first section of The Divine Comedy, Dante's Inferno, is a narrative with a man named Virgil as his guide. Dante narrates his descent and observation of hell through the various circles. One part of this tale is his descriptions of the various punishments that each of the different sinners has received. The various punishments that Dante envisions the sinners receiving are broken down into two categories. The first category is borrowed from various forms of medieval torture and the second type, though less physically strenuous, are Dante's creative and imaginative punishment for sins. The torturous forms of punishments create physical and bodily pain for the sinners and are designed to be interpreted literally; whereas, the creative punishments are used to inflict a mental and psychological pain and are suppose to be thought of on a more metaphorical plane of thought. However, the creative punishments can inflict both a mental and physical pain upon the sinner. An example of this is the penalty the simonists, those who use their power in the church to acquire money , pay. There are two descriptions of tortures which are very similar to the punishment of the simonists. The first one included: a man to be chained down to a bare bed with his feet hanging off of the end, and then his feet would then be seared by a "charcoal brazier." The second torture that is similar is the penalty of famed assassins upon conviction: to be buried head down alive. Dante seems to have fused the two punishments into that of the simonists. Dante describes their punishment as such:"Out of the mouth of each hole there emerged a sinner's feet....both soles of every sinner were on fire writhing with violence." Dante's penalty for simony inflicts a severe physical pain, but was also designed this way for an alternative and ironic reason. When being baptized it is a common practice to dip babies, head first, under water to symbolically cleanse the soul.In the opposite fashion of the baptismal practice, the simonists were put head down into dark and narrow pits, as opposed to the open and refreshing holy water, and fire burns their feet and soul, rather than there heads and souls being cleansed by the holy water. Although Dante uses, and occasionally combines, various practices in order to inflict physical pain, sometimes famous acts of cruelty to punish the sinners are used . One such punishment Dante borrows from the court of Emperor Frederick II. Frederick II was well-known for his lead capes with which he punished various criminals: He had a leaden cover made for the condemned man, to cover him entirely. The cover was about an inch thick. Then, he had the man placed in a cauldron, and the leaden cape put over him. Then he had a fire made under the cauldron. The heat melted the lead which took the skin off piece by piece. Finally, both the lead and the condemned man boiled. Dante used part of Frederick's punishment to punish the hypocrites in hell. He places all of the hypocrites in "gilded" cloaks that "dazzled; but inside they were all of lead, so heavy that Frederick's capes were straw compared to them." Dante uses this analogy to Frederick to demonstrate the extent of cruelty of his cloaks in "The Inferno" as well as those of Frederick's. If Dante describes one of the most evil punishments ever, as mild compared to those in his Inferno, he effectively demonstrates how horrible hell truly is. Although this punishment for the hypocrites is physically painful, this punishment contains a unique metaphor.In Dante's eyes, the hypocrites were those people who were seemingly pure and good, but beneath their facades they were quite sinful. The cloaks are a metaphor for the hypocritical characters: dazzling on the surface and cloaked in lead or sin underneath. A sinner whose punishment was given with the intention of creating mental anguish was flattery. While Dante is walking over a bridge, he looks down and sees the sinners of flatterery "...plunged in excrement that seemed as if it had been poured from human privies." Although this punishment is quite unsanitary and repulsive the punishment is designed

Free Essays on Chemotherapy The Real Killer

Chemotherapy: The Real Killer It’s like a time bomb, slowly ticking away as certain death draws closer. Eventually, your body is unable to sustain life and you take your last breath. People you have trusted lied to you and your family, betrayal with no admission of fault. Poisons travel through your blood stream, laying waste to your immune system. Every year over 500,000 thousand people experience a situation similar to the above when being â€Å"treated† with chemotherapy drugs. To offer chemotherapy as an actual viable solution to any form of cancer is irrefutably a deadly decision on the part of the doctor, and a grave mistake for the patient. Completely eradicating your immune is not the approach one should use when struggling with a disease or virus. It simply does not make sense. Understanding why exactly chemotherapy is such a threat to a patients health, we must understand what exactly cancer is and how it works. If you look at cancer philosophically, you'll realize that cancer is immoral behavior at the level of cellular life. "Immoral Behavior" in all societies has always included the concept of sexual promiscuity. "Promiscuity" refers to unrestricted sexual activity sex often and with anyone at hand. (How Chemotherapy Works) Just as one human can engage in sexual promiscuity, so can one cell. When cells do this they start reproducing at an excessive rate. (How Chemotherapy Works) These sexually promiscuous cells begin reproduction cycle that breads cancer. This is the definition of cancer – abnormal cell growth. Usually it is cell growth that is more rapid than normal, but there can be other abnormalities. (How chemotherapy works) The entire process of chemotherapy treatment, the side-effects and aftermath is a long twisted tunnel built on lies and corruption. We will embark on this journey, as I will review medical journals, patient journals and personal experiences, to uncover the truth about the ong... Free Essays on Chemotherapy The Real Killer Free Essays on Chemotherapy The Real Killer Chemotherapy: The Real Killer It’s like a time bomb, slowly ticking away as certain death draws closer. Eventually, your body is unable to sustain life and you take your last breath. People you have trusted lied to you and your family, betrayal with no admission of fault. Poisons travel through your blood stream, laying waste to your immune system. Every year over 500,000 thousand people experience a situation similar to the above when being â€Å"treated† with chemotherapy drugs. To offer chemotherapy as an actual viable solution to any form of cancer is irrefutably a deadly decision on the part of the doctor, and a grave mistake for the patient. Completely eradicating your immune is not the approach one should use when struggling with a disease or virus. It simply does not make sense. Understanding why exactly chemotherapy is such a threat to a patients health, we must understand what exactly cancer is and how it works. If you look at cancer philosophically, you'll realize that cancer is immoral behavior at the level of cellular life. "Immoral Behavior" in all societies has always included the concept of sexual promiscuity. "Promiscuity" refers to unrestricted sexual activity sex often and with anyone at hand. (How Chemotherapy Works) Just as one human can engage in sexual promiscuity, so can one cell. When cells do this they start reproducing at an excessive rate. (How Chemotherapy Works) These sexually promiscuous cells begin reproduction cycle that breads cancer. This is the definition of cancer – abnormal cell growth. Usually it is cell growth that is more rapid than normal, but there can be other abnormalities. (How chemotherapy works) The entire process of chemotherapy treatment, the side-effects and aftermath is a long twisted tunnel built on lies and corruption. We will embark on this journey, as I will review medical journals, patient journals and personal experiences, to uncover the truth about the ong...

The Lend-Lease Act in World War II

The Lend-Lease Act in World War II The Lend-Lease Act, formally known as the An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, was passed March 11, 1941. Championed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the legislation allowed military aid and supplies to be offered other nations. Passed before the United States entered World War II, the Lend-Lease Program effectively ended American neutrality and offered a means for directly supporting Britains war against Germany and Chinas conflict with Japan. Following the American entry into World War II, Lend-Lease was expanded to include the Soviet Union. During the course of the conflict, around $50.1 billion worth of materials were supplied on the premise that it would be paid for or returned. Background With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the United States assumed a neutral stance. As Nazi Germany began winning a long string of victories in Europe, the administration of President Franklin Roosevelt began seeking ways to aid Great Britain while remaining free of the conflict. Initially constrained by the Neutrality Acts which limited arms sales to cash and carry purchases by belligerents, Roosevelt declared large amounts of American weapons and ammunition surplus and authorized their shipment to Britain in mid-1940. He also entered into negotiations with Prime Minister Winston Churchill to secure leases for naval bases and airfields in British possessions across the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic coast of Canada. These talks ultimately produced the Destroyers for Bases Agreement in September 1940. This agreement saw 50 surplus American destroyers transferred to the Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy in exchange for rent-free, 99-year leases on various military installations. Though they succeeded in repelling the Germans during the Battle of Britain, the British remained hard-pressed by the enemy on multiple fronts. Royal Navy and U.S. Navy sailors inspect depth charges aboard Wickes-class destroyers, in 1940 before their transfer to the Royal Navy. Library of Congress The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 Seeking to move the nation towards a more active role in the conflict, Roosevelt wished to provide Britain with all possible aid short of war. As such, British warships were permitted to make repairs in American ports and training facilities for British servicemen were constructed in the U.S. To ease Britains shortage of war materials, Roosevelt pushed for the creation of the Lend-Lease Program. Officially titled An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States, the Lend-Lease Act was signed into law on March 11, 1941. This act empowered the president to sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government [whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States] any defense article. In effect, it allowed Roosevelt to authorize the transfer of military materials to Britain with the understanding that they would ultimately be paid for or returned if they were not destroyed. To administer the program, Roosevelt created the Office of Lend-Lease Administration under the leadership of former steel industry executive Edward R. Stettinius. In selling the program to a skeptical and still somewhat isolationist American public, Roosevelt compared it to loaning a hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire. What do I do in such a crisis? the president asked the press. I dont say... Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it - I dont want $15 - I want my garden hose back after the fire is over. In April, he expanded the program by offering lend-lease aid to China for their war against the Japanese. Taking swift advantage of the program, the British received over $1 billion in aid through October 1941. An American light tank is unloaded at a central ordnance depot in England, part of a lend-lease shipment from the United States. Library of Congress Effects of Lend-Lease Lend-Lease continued after the American entry into the war following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. As the American military mobilized for war, Lend-Lease materials in the form of vehicles, aircraft, weapons, etc. were shipped to other Allied nations who were actively fighting the Axis Powers. With the alliance of the United States and the Soviet Union in 1942, the program was expanded to allow their participation with large amounts of supplies passing through the Arctic Convoys, Persian Corridor, and the Alaska-Siberia Air Route. As the war progressed, most of the Allied nations proved capable of manufacturing sufficient frontline weapons for their troops, however, this led to a drastic reduction in the production other needed items. Materials from Lend-Lease filled this void in the form of munitions, food, transport aircraft, trucks, and rolling stock. The Red Army, in particular, took advantage of the program and by wars end, approximately two-thirds of its trucks were American-built Dodges and Studebakers. Also, the Soviets received around 2,000 locomotives for supplying its forces at the front. Reverse Lend-Lease While Lend-Lease generally saw goods being provided to the Allies, a Reverse Lend-Lease scheme also existed where goods and services were given to the United States. As American forces began arriving in Europe, Britain provided material assistance such as the use of Supermarine Spitfire fighters. Additionally, Commonwealth nations often provided food, bases, and other logistical support. Other Lead-Lease items included patrol boats and De Havilland Mosquito aircraft. Through the course of the war, the United States received around $7.8 billion in Reverse Lend-Lease aid with $6.8 of it coming from Britain and the Commonwealth nations. End of Lend-Lease A critical program for winning the war, Lend-Lease came to an abrupt end with its conclusion. As Britain needed to retain much of the Lend-Lease equipment for postwar use, the Anglo-American Loan was signed through which the British agreed to purchase the items for approximately ten cents on the dollar. The total value of the loan was around  £1,075 million. The final payment on the loan was made in 2006. All told, Lend-Lease provided $50.1 billion worth of supplies to the Allies during the conflict, with $31.4 billion to Britain, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion to France and $1.6 billion to China.

Management Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Consulting - Essay Example This has been the firm that provides the consultancy tot eh corporate clients in terms of there businesses. The basic rationale that had led James o McKinsey to formulate the company wee the bitter experiences that he had faced in the terms of the failed corporate management in the Army Ordnance Department during the first world war. Thereby all the corporate managers who are in need of the best management advice are the ones, who should be helped in all ways, was the aim of James O’ McKinsey.  Rasiel and Friga, (2001) say that for the legal consultancy, Marvin Bower a law graduate from the Harvard University had been recruited after he had been working for another form known as the Cleveland Corporate Law firm for Jon Day but as he had felt the firm was not working in an analytical manner thereby he had joined James O’ McKinsey & Company and this was the firm in which he felt that better analytical minds can be accommodated.  Main aspect that had been appreciated b y Marvin Bower about the way James O’ McKinsey was dealing with the clients was that the legal and the corporate level consultancy was being given in a professionally independent manner and as it was seen that this was the main rationale for James OMcKinseythat was being followed and the clients were returning satisfied. One main strategy that was being applied by Mac in order to win the confidences of the clients was that the people who walked in the firm were thoroughly understood in terms of their needs and this was the main reason as to why the clients and the confidences were being gained at the firm.  Sadler, (2001) says that there were two main offices for the firm, one was based at Chicago and the other had been at New York and as per strategy of Max, both offices were run in an independent basis rather than the offices depending on each other.  

What do You Understand by Economic Protectionism Essay - 1

What do You Understand by Economic Protectionism - Essay Example On the contrary, a country that is in least need of a given commodity or produces the commodity locally will raise the rates of import tariffs for the particular product to discourage importation of the commodity (Korber 2000, p. 10). In the views of Riley (2006), economic protectionism can also be achieved through the imposition of quotas. A county in dire need of a particular commodity will actually lift import quotas to encourage further importation of the particular commodities. Conversely, a country that is capable of producing sufficient or relatively adequate amount of a given commodity for its economy may opt to lower the importation quotas of a given commodity (Riley 2006). Under serious circumstances, a country may impose embargoes declaring total ban on importation of a particular commodity (Riley 2006). Export subsidies for locally produced goods can also be used to encourage bulk production and importation of particular commodities into the economy (Korber, 2000, p. 9). Riley (2006) reports that, in the case countries are engaging in free trade, the government may opt to formulate preferential government procurement policy and state aid to ensure that it allocates spending that will only benefit domestic producers as opposed to foreign suppliers. This case is common in the member countries of the European Union, which award contracts to members of the organization. Similarly, governments may also structure the anti-dumping tariffs to protect the local producers and industries from the economic disadvantages that may be caused by high importation of cheap commodities. The European Union imposed anti-dumping tariffs to Norway against cheap exportation of reared salmon to the Scottish and Ireland market, which ruined domestic trade in the two importing countries. Another example of anti-dumping laws emerged when the European Union blocked inflow of Chinese television tubes, aluminium foil and zinc oxides that were believed to sell far below the averag e domestic price, thereby suffocating local producers. In a move to gain local economic advantage, China reduced the value of the Yuan far below the US dollar thereby resulting to low cost of Chinese products in the USA and international markets. This resulted to increased consumption of Chinese products in import countries, slowing the output of the individual importer countries. The need to protect the US economy saw the Congress pass protectionist bill that banned importation of foreign iron and steel for construction purposes (Mankiw 2009). Trade barriers otherwise known as economic protectionism presents positive and negative implications to the economy almost in equal measure. Krol (2008, p. 2) reports that the imposition of trade economic protection policies by the US economy in 1979 resulted to massive loss of jobs as most manufacturing companies were either cutting their production or facing automatic closure thereby raising the net cost of US economy. The principles of mar ket protectionism led to the abolishment of production activities that required unskilled labour and adoption of production activities that demanded skilled labour in the US economy. This action saw the US specializing in the production of high tech machines and electronics with increased export tariffs of the products while raising importation tariffs of products like clothes and shoes produced by the unskilled labour in the developing countries (Krol, 2008, p. 3). This resulted into low prices

Computerized System Essay Example for Free

Computerized System Essay 7.1 Architectural Design 7.1.1 Entity-Relationship Diagram Fig. 7.1.1 Database model On the figure above, the table â€Å"item_description† contains information about the items in the inventory. This is where the data for new items will be stored and updating of information of existing items takes place. Notice that, the table â€Å"critical_items† has only two attribute which is â€Å"status† that identifies the critical item if it is low or not. The â€Å"transaction† table is where the system stores data regarding individual transaction while â€Å"item_trans† table focuses on list of items and its total price. 7.2 System Function 7.2.1 Physical Data Flow Diagram Fig. 7.2.1 Physical DFD The system mainly consists of functions for sales and inventory management. A customer orders an item and the system checks the inventory by accessing the master item table. New items can be added by the management and the master item record is updated as such. A process computes the total price for the items ordered by using the input from the customer and data(prices) from the inventory master table. After the transaction, receipt will be given to the customer and both the inventory record and sales record are updated. If the system detects any item to be at critical level, a notification will be sent to the management. 7.2.2 User Interface Fig. 7.2.2.1 Main Menu This is the interface where the user has access to all function of the system (Fig. 7.2.2.1). The first thing that will show up when the user runs the system is the button with a text of â€Å"V†. When the user clicks the â€Å"V† button the five buttons and upon clicking the inventory and report button their sub items will also appear and when the user clicks one of these buttons (Point of Sale, View Inventory, Update Inventory, Add Inventory, Critical Items, View Sales Report, and View Inventory report) the visibility of all buttons will be disabled and then the desired form of the user will appear on the gray space. The sub buttons of Inventory is where the user viewing of inventory and critical items ( if there’s any ), update, and adding of inventory. The sub buttons of reports is where the user views the sales and inventory report of the system, the help button mainly focuses on how to use it or what we call â€Å"user manual† and about the system. Fig. 7.2.2.2 Point of Sale Lastly, this form is where the transaction between the manager and the customer takes place. First thing that the user will do is choose an item code and then the quantity for the item and it will automatically compute for the price after that, he will have to click the add item button then the item will appear on the white space on the right side and then a message will prompt if he want to add another or not if he doesn’t want to add another item the uwser will require to input the customer’s payment and clicking the complete transaction button will prompt another message if the user is sure about the transaction. And then if the user is sure, the system will prompt another message if he want to print the receipt or not.

The Effects of Jacksonian Democracy :: essays research papers

When John Quincy Adams was elected to the office of president of the United States in 1824, â€Å"hot headed† Jackson was infuriated. He started a campaign that would land him in the Whitehouse in 1828. With his place in office brought profound political change to America, and a direct effect that would last for the next 20 years after his two terms, until 1848. This time in American History is known as the Jacksonian Period, commonly referred to as the era of the â€Å"common Man.† It is reform movements and economic development that characterize this era. One of the reasons for the growth of the US economy was Jefferson's Embargo Act, which halted trade with all foreign countries, and forced the country to industrialize, by forcing it to produce goods domestically it would normally import. A classic case of "supply and demand" was seen by this growth of the factory system and industry; as the demand for more factories increased, the labor supply decreased, inciting a need for factory owners to hire more workers. Many of these workers were filled from the immigrant and middle class. Shifting roles in society, young women as well as children worked and lived at factories, during which they were overworked and underpaid. After earning enough to aid add sufficiently to the family income, the women left work at the factory, and back to their roles as housewives and child rearers. Along with Whitney's cotton gin, inventions in society came about. This was a stark contrast to pre Jacksonian rule out of which few inventions came: The decade ending in 1800 saw only 306 patents, while the decade ending in 1860 saw 26,000 patents. Elias Howe and Isaac Singer contributed to the clothing industry with their 1846 invention of the sewing machine. This contributed to northern industrialization, and when combined with the power of steam to produce an automatic sewing machine, it was capable of producing clothing on its own in large quantities with little supervision. John Deere helped to revolutionize farming once more with his invention of the steel plow in 1837. This plow enabled the "virgin soil" of Western lands to be broken, furthering agriculture. It was also light enough to be horse-drawn, which meant it was easily maneuverable. Cyrus McCormick's 1831 horse-drawn grass reaper enabled one man to do the work of five. This caused an abundance of c ash crops to be produced.

Plts Unit 1

Unit 1- Preparing for an Apprenticeship 1. What are the components of your Apprenticeship? |1. 1 What are the components of your Apprenticeship framework and what is the relevance of each? |Functional Skills Level 1 (English & Maths) – this provides basic skills that will be | |required in day to day activities and support you in life, learning and work | | | |Employment and Personal Learning and Thinking Skills Level 2 (PLTS) | |5 units – Personal learning and thinking encourages the development of being able to generate ideas, tackle problems and find solutions,| |work independently or within teams and understand legal and organisational requirements . | | |Certificate in Healthcare Support Services Level 2 | |9 units (5 mandatory, 4 optional) – The purpose of this qualification is to | |guide and assess the development of Knowledge and skills relating to the health | |workforce. This qualification confirms competence in a range of healthcare support | |se rvice skills. | |1. Describe how each component will be assessed | |Functional Skills Level 1 (English & Maths) | |This is assessed by completion of online or paper based tests achieved within agreed timescale of the first 6 months. | | | |Employment and Personal Learning and Thinking Skills Level 2 (PLTS) | |5 Units | |This is assessed by completion of the PLTS workbook, which is to be completed with YAS training. | | |Certificate in Healthcare Support Services Level 2 | |9 Units | | | |This is assessed through work based learning. Demonstrating knowledge and performance within set criteria using a variety of methods , | |such as: Observations, Work Products, Case Studies, Professional/Guided Discussion). | |1. 3 Describe the purpose of the apprenticeship agreement | | | |This relies on the learner to be very motivated and dedicated to achieve the milestones set. This also relies on the employer providing | |opportunities for learning and guidance to the learner. |The trainin g provider establishing the learners strengths and individual learning style in order to support with efficiency of capturing | |evidence to support achievement of the framework within the timescale set. | 2. Be able to set goals for the coming year. |2. 1 Describe the importance of meeting deadlines | | | |By meeting deadlines this keeps the learner on track with the programme, therefore doesn’t fall behind and have to catch up with work | |that should already have been completed. By agreeing targets on a monthly basis it also encourages the learner to maintain motivation and| |efficiency with meeting targets. | |2. Describe the importance of being organised | | | |Being organised will make the programme a lot easier for everyone involved. This will help me to achieve deadlines set, maintain good | |motivation, enjoyable work etc. | | | |All of this should ensure successful completion of the qualification | |2. 3 Create targets for own skills development and completion of the Apprenticeship. | | |To complete work within deadlines set | |To be organised in all aspects of work and placement | |To maintain a professional appearance at all times | |To uphold a professional attitude/manor | |To adhere to the trust uniform/dress code | |To treat people as individuals and respect their dignity. | |To work cooperatively within teams and respect the skills, expertise and contributions of my colleagues. | 3. Understand the progression routes. |3. 1 What sources of information are available regarding progression routes? | | |If I am wanting to progress into a different job role I can seek advice from my team leader/manager at the base station I am working at. | | | |Information for these roles are available from the YAS intranet or the internet (google). | |3. 2 What are the possible progression routes within YAS? | | | | | | | |There are many different progression routes to possibly go down after completion of the PTS apprentiship.Some of which are; | |â⠂¬ ¢ Band 3 PTS driver | |†¢ Assistant practitioner | |†¢ Paramedic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Russia & Economy

Since attaining her independence in the early 1990’s Russia can pride herself in emerging as a middle economy which has registered an average annual economic growth rate of 6. 5%. This is largely attributed to her embracing a free market economy to replace the earlier central command approach. The World Bank notes that this economic growth has seen the number of people living in extreme poverty reduced. Trade especially exports of natural resources for instance oil and gas blended with stability in the macroeconomic policies adopted can be blamed economic achievement.However, there are major challenges that threaten this success story. The need for diversification of the economy, adoption of environmental conservative measures like the fight against deforestation has intensified in the increasingly globalized economy. Various non governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as international institutions have played a significant role in ensuring that this goal is attained. In the process, losers as well as winners have emerged. Many NGOs have been at the forefront to chip in their devoted efforts to resolve the deforestation problem in Russia.World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Russia, an environmental based organization advocates for sustainable forestry in Russia. In the recent times global warming issues have intensified and are a cause of concern due to the effects on climate change. (WWF, 2009). WWF Russia has intensively ensured that this information is disseminated across Russia. It adopts collaborative measures with the owners of the forests as she works to realize this goal. The objective is to ensure that CO2 emissions, a greenhouse gas responsible for global warming are reduced.WWF highlights the effects of deforestation on wildlife as well as on human beings. It advocates for responsible forestry especially in the timber trade. WWF Russia is also committed to ensuring that the Russian artic and the wildlife there are also conserved. The biodiversity of th e Northern Caucasus region must be protected from deforestation, wild fires and poaching if the wildlife contained there is to remain unharmed. In this regard, WWF Russia ensures that companies control their spillage or observe safe or responsible waste management practices.It also encourages responsible fishing. Joint efforts are vital if this goal is to be attained. WWF Russia advocates for ‘the protection of water sheds as well as the limited soil disturbances to ensure positive effects on the timber harvested’. (WWF, 2009). Another important environmental NGO is Green Peace which also advocates for conservation of forests. Green Peace has registered success by reducing the felling of trees especially in the North Western parts as well as the Russian Far East regions. (Greenpeace)In addition to the environmental organizations, there are human rights organizations like Indem foundation which have been committed towards promoting democracy in Russia. This is done throu gh collaborative efforts with the civil societies, public officials as well as government organizations. Major issues addressed by Indem include anti corruption, issues of international cooperation, reforms in the government and the political arena as well as justice assistance. This NGO tries to ensure that people know their rights and follow the right procedures to have them respected. (Indem Foundation, 2005).International institutions like the EU and the World Bank have also played a significant role in influencing Russia. The World Bank highlighted the need to ensure diversification of the economy to allow equitable growth while reducing the poverty levels. In an effort to ensure that Russia moved with the modern times where globalization is enhanced the World Bank created a 3 year strategy. The main objective in the strategy adopted would be to ensure sustained growth, improved management especially in public led institutions, increased social services as well as increased rol e of the nation at a global level.Russia was expected to participate in global activities like assisting the less developed countries. (World Bank, 2009). Among the ways in which Russia can diversify her economy is through the promotion of agriculture. This sector is however faced by many challenges like excess use of chemicals, wrong choice of crops as well as extreme or excess farming. Another important industry is forestry which has also faced a lot of problems in the recent past. Exploitative foreign companies and criminal organizations have negative effects on the forestry industry.Other challenges include wild fires, pests as well as pollution from the industries. (Library of congress, 2006). Russia showed her interests in registering with World Trade Organization in 2005, a move that was expected to place her at a competitive edge in as far as her economic growth and development are concerned. However her failure to adhere to the stipulated rules for instance strict adherence to intellectual property rights sees her blocked from admission by some great economies for instance the US.(Palmer D, 2009). This has seen different bodies in Russia advocating for a change in how people perceive intellectual property rights. The need to view them as an investment has now become vibrant. Russia is a member of the EU, another international organization and she continues to accrue related gains. There are certain rules to be followed by all members of the EU community. Russia collaborates with the EU to modernize the economy, on security matters, international relations as well as on regional cooperation. (EC)In an effort to strike a balance between the economical, environmental as well as social interests the forest owners will be losers. This is attributed to the fact that they will forego their financial gains as they adhere to the harvesting. The society will gain as a whole as the adverse effects of global warming will be reduced in a safer environment. Russia has also gained from the globalization process especially in her trading activities with the larger EU region. The poor and marginalized in Russia who forms approximately 20% of the population have also emerged as winners in the globalization process.(World Bank, 2009). This is attributed to the fact that international organizations like the World Bank have been committed to change their plight. World Bank has been involved in collaborative research activities to find ways of how more jobs can be created. It also assists in health care provision by offering equipment as well as in preventive approaches to curb diseases. World Bank also shows commitment to boost Russia’s education, fight against corruption as well as acquire a safe environment. (World Bank, 2009).There are many governmental as well as non governmental organizations that affect Russia’s performance in the global environment. These organizations may have a direct impact on the Russians for instance those that empower the human capital while others may indirectly affect man for instance those based on natural resources like wildlife and forests. Regardless of the direct or indirect impact these organization lead to the emergence of losers as well as winners in the society. All in all, the benefits of globalization are enormous and ought to be embraced as no country is self sufficient.References: Doug Palmer. 2009. Russia's WTO bid still faces big U. S. obstacles. Reuters. Retrieved on 9th April 2009 from http://www. canada. com/news/world/Russia+still+faces+obstacles/1453371/story. html EC. The European Union and Russia. Retrieved on 9th April 2009 from http://ec. europa. eu/external_relations/library/publications/russia_brochure07_en. pdf Greenpeace. The Russian Forests. Retrieved on 9th April 2009 from http://archive. greenpeace. org/comms/cbio/russia. html. INDEM Foundation. 2005. Retrieved on 9th April 2009 from http://www.indem. ru/en/index. shtml Library of Congress – Fe deral Research Division. 2006. Country Profile: Russia, October 2006. Retrieved on 9th April 2009 from http://lcweb2. loc. gov/frd/cs/profiles/Russia. pdf. WWF 2009. Reducing climate change in Russia through sustainable forestry. Retrieved on 9th April 2009 from http://www. panda. org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/russia/index. cfm? uProjectID=RU0130 Wwf Pskov Model Forest Project. Retrieved on 9th April 2009 from http://www. svo. se/episerver4/dokument/sks/engelska/Swedish_Russian/PMF%20 Brochure_ENG. pdf

Precision and Accuracy Lab Report Essays

Precision and Accuracy Lab Report Essays Precision and Accuracy Lab Report Paper Precision and Accuracy Lab Report Paper The container was then tarred so the scale would only read the mass of the water. The smallest beaker was used to measure out 14 ml of water. Then, that waster was poured into the pre-weighed beaker and put on the scale. Once the measurement was recorded the beakers were both cleaned and dried. This process was repeated two more times. Second, a 100 ml graduated cylinder was used to measure out 14 ml of water. Then, that water was poured into the pre-weighed beaker and put on the scale. Once the measurement was recorded, the beaker and graduated cylinder were both cleaned and dried. This process was repeated two more times. Third, a 25 ml burette was used to measure out 14 ml of water. Then, that water was poured into the pre-weighed beaker and put on the scale. Once the measurement was recorded, the beaker and burette were both cleaned and dried. This process was repeated two more times. After recording the mass using three different volumetric devices, each with three trials, density was calculated for each volumetric device and trial. Then, the trials were averaged. This concluded that the burette was the most accurate measuring device. Table 2: Densities of selected metals Discussion: Both experiments went as planned and had no complications or unexpected events that could have altered the results. The masses measured for the amount of water in each volumetric measuring device are above and indicate the most efficient, precise, and accurate way to measure water. Also above are the results indicating the unknown metal was in fact lead. The data was collected accurately given by the number of trials performed and with the knowledge of precision gained from part one of the experiment. The results of the first part of the experiment were what I had personally expected. Noticed that the burette had smaller increments of measure and was easier to judge where 14 ml of water would actually fill up to in the volumetric measuring device than the beaker and graduated cylinder. The results of the second part of the experiment also ended without any unexpected data. Of course, the density measured by my lab partner and myself was not as precise as he table with given densities of selected metals, but we came very close to the true value. In comparison to other classmates results we came to relatively similar conclusions in each experiment. To make the results of each experiment more valid though, I think there could have been more than three trials for each measurement or time where we could have discussed our results with various other classmates to compare and contrast results.

SAT World History Subject Test Study Guide

SAT World History Subject Test Study Guide World history – its not just for the History Channel buffs. You can actually study for and take an entire test all about world history when you sign up for the SAT World History Subject Test. Its one of many SAT Subject Tests offered by the College Board, which have been designed to showcase your brilliance in a plethora of different areas. This one, in particular, helps you demonstrate your expansive knowledge of things like wars, famines, the rise and fall of civilizations, etc. from Before Common Era through the 20th century. Hows that for expansive? Note: The SAT World History Subject Test is not part of the SAT Reasoning Test, the popular college admissions exam. SAT World History Subject Test Basics Before you register for this test, here are the basics about the manner in which youll be tested. 60 minutes95 multiple-choice questions200-800 points possibleQuestions may be asked individually or could be placed in sets based on quotes, maps, charts, cartoons, pictures or other graphics. SAT World History Subject Test Content Heres the good stuff. What in the world (ha!) are you going to need to know? A ton, as it turns out. Take a look: Locations of Historical Information: Global or Comparative history: Approximately 23-24 questionsEuropean history: Approximately 23-24 questionsAfrican history: Approximately 9-10 questionsSouthwestern Asian history: Approximately 9-10 questionsSouthern and Southeastern Asian history: Approximately 9-10 questionsEastern Asian history: Approximately 9-10 questionsThe Americas history (excluding the United States): Approximately 9-10 questions Time Periods: B.C. E to 500 C.E.: Approximately 23-24 questions500 C.E. to 1500 C.E.: 19 questions1500 to 1900 C.E.: Approximately 23-24 questionsPost 1900 C.E.: 19 questionsCross-chronological: Approximately 9-10 questions SAT World History Subject Test Skills Your 9th grade world history class isnt going to be enough. You need more than just a meager knowledge of the Romans to do well on this thing. Heres the kind of stuff in which you should be well-versed before you sit for the test: Taking a multiple-choice testRecall and understanding of historical conceptsAnalyzing cause and effect relationshipsComprehending geography necessary for comprehending historyInterpreting maps, charts, graphs and other graphics Why Take the SAT World History Subject Test? For some of you, youll have to. If youre applying to enter a history program, especially one that focuses on world history, then you may be required to take it by the program. Check with your admissions counselor! If youre not required to take it, but youre seeking admission to some sort of historical program, it might be a good idea to go ahead and take it, especially if world history is your thing. It could showcase your knowledge if your regular SAT score wasnt so hot, or it could help to offset a less than stellar GPA. How to Prepare for the SAT World History Subject Test If you have 95 questions based on anything from early humanity to the year you were born, then Id study if I were you. The College Board offers 15 free practice questions for you, so you can get a feel for how youll be tested. It also provides a second pamphlet with the answers. We recommend a college-level world history course, with some expansive world history reading on the side. Test prep companies like The Princeton Review and Kaplan also offer some test prep for the World History Subject Test for a fee, of course. Sample SAT World History Question This sample SAT world history question comes straight from The College Board, themselves, so it should give you a snapshot of the kinds of questions youll see on test day (since they wrote the test and all). By the way, the questions are ranked in order of difficulty in their question pamphlet from 1 to 5, where 1 is the least difficult and 5 is the most. The question below is marked as a difficulty level of 2. 11. Social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer argued that (A) competition allows individuals to develop their talents and meet their needs(B) competition and cooperation are equally important in building a productive and compassionate society(C) human societies progress through competition since the strong survive and the weak perish(D) human societies progress through cooperation, a natural instinct that should be encouraged(E) God predetermines that some members of society are fated to succeed and some members are fated to fail Answer: Choice (C) is correct. Social Darwinists  such as Herbert Spencer argued that the history of human societies and races has been shaped by the same principles as those that Charles Darwin had postulated for biological evolution, namely the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest. Social Darwinists, therefore, tended to interpret the geopolitical dominance of Europe (and people of European birth or ancestry) in their late-19th- and early-20th-century world as both proof for the argument that Europeans were more highly evolved than other races and as a justification for continued European colonial rule worldwide.

Alexander the Great & His Glorious Battles Research Paper

Alexander the Great & His Glorious Battles - Research Paper Example ... It was not the Macedonian Phalanx which penetrated to India, but Alexander." The terms like ‘brilliant’ and Genius† truly represented the character of Alexander. According to Major General J.F.C. Fuller, only a genius â€Å"binds the Great Captains into a common brotherhood.† Alexander’s greatness could be seen in his genius through his visibility, physical and moral bravery, strength, aspirations to materialize the dreams he had, purposefulness, triumphs and accomplishments, which created a feeling of appreciation, reverence, safety and respect among his forces. ? Napoleon Bonaparte was a great admirer of Alexander the great. If one wants to learn the art of war, one should read time and again the war initiatives of Alexander. Alexander was supreme on two fronts, head of the army and political head of the state of Macedonia and knew well that military pursuits were just the tools to achieve political aim of long term peace. Alexander was great be cause he had the insight of using military might and political insight not to indulge in mass killing of enemy forces, a popular perspective of indulging in wars as impressed upon by Clausewitz during the nineteenth century. Alexander pursued a cherished mission of winning the enemy not by looting enemy wealth to bereft the future victorious lands of all the necessary resources or earn the anger and wrath of the enemies unnecessarily. The primary mission of waging wars against foreign lands was to strategically win the confidence of the people through political maneuvering.? The principles followed by Alexander helped in his winning adventures, which included respect for energy, attention, fast turnaround time, sudden action, and cherishing the mission. Alexander had deep understanding of other strategically crucial warfare elements such as playing offensive tactics, using the military power economically, and setting up of safer bases, and risk-free communications. ? The glorious ba ttles fought by Alexander attached the title of â€Å"great† to his name because he fought the battles by adhering to warfare principles, as stated above. He fought different warfare by following a line of thought in leading battles, sieges, small aggressions, guerrilla war tactics, and revolts, making him distinct from other great commanders. Military commanders in his army were adapted in fighting a traditional war fought openly, they were not expert in the guerrilla warfare designs or circumventing the enemy base. Special about Alexander’s battles was that he never lost a battle during the 10 years war adventures initiated between 335 and 325 BC. He regularly led the warfare during his battles at least once a year, each year. His army was very well trained and full of vigor combined-arms army, gifted to him by his father, to complete arduous tasks whatever the circumstances. Alexander’s army was the unparalleled army of that time. ? Alexander took good care o f his soldiers. He never considered them like paid laborers but always boosted their morale by setting an example of bravery before them through his individual power. He did not expect them to accomplish what he himself could not. He set an example of team-spirit in the army unit, and did not let any opportunity miss for the welfare of his soldiers. His humanistic attitude towards his comrades and appreciation of those in front of the whole unit who have set examples of

ENGLISH NEED ASAP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ENGLISH NEED ASAP - Essay Example The way Capote places the murder facts in order, and the way he manipulates with the starting and ending of the novel, is what makes this novel unique. Suspense is there, as Capote has made the opening of the novel very interesting by hiding the reasons Perry and Dick were driving to Holcomb, Kansas. Capote shows Floyd Wells, in the Kansas State Penitentiary, listening to the radio news about the Clutter murders. The reader finds it exciting that Floyd was shocked to hear the news because he had been acquainted with the Clutters for many years. The bodies had been discovered by one of Nancy’s friends who went to the Clutters’ house to check why they had not yet got prepared for church. She had found an eerie silence inside the house, and had shockingly discovered the four bodies in different parts of the house. Capote has told the reader about the Clutters’ death before depicting the actual scene, which increases the reader’s interest. This is how Capote h as colored the opening with a sense of impending doom. Prompt 2 Throughout the novel, Truman talks about the backgrounds of different characters, especially the victims, and the murderers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. Capote has described the life summaries of the criminals, to let the readers know about the bad times they had been through. Although the reader feels a little sympathetic toward them, but that does not justify their morose deed of taking other people’s lives (Capote 77–91). Perry is shown to have had a miserable life, with his siblings, without parental care. Dick was a mental patient. When they were caught, and were shown the evidence of the case, the reader feels some sympathy for Perry, who wanted to take the responsibility of all four murders when actually Dick had killed two of them, but Perry wanted so because according to him, he was sorry for Dick’s mother. According to him, â€Å"I didn’t realize what I’d done till I heard the sound. Like somebody drowning. Screaming under the water† (Capote 244). Perry changes his confession to take responsibility for Dick’s murders too. This means, by one way or another, that criminals are also human beings, who feel for each other, especially of their own kind. They also possess a feeling of sympathy and sacrifice, though they cannot be supported in any way. Moreover, both Dick and Perry were patients of mental illness. This makes the readers think as to whether the same laws of punishment should have applied to them, or they should have been given some relaxation. Prompt 3 The protagonist is a character that rules the story, and whose character develops throughout the novel without regard to whether his character was based on good or evil. This definition goes against human conception of a protagonist being a good person always. However, the realistic realm of life has it that evil persons dominate the good ones, no matter their ending is doomed. Bas ed on this fact, this novel also highlights the characters of Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, who are actually the murderers of the Clutter family. We read Capote talking about and highlighting their course of actions throughout the novel, right from the beginning till the end. The reader can easily understand that Perry and Dick are the protagonists of Capote’s novel. The reader reads that Dick and Perry had tried to steal a car but had failed. Finally, they succeeded in stealing a car, and went to the Kansas City. They

Is there a conflict between the new public management and ethics Essay

Is there a conflict between the new public management and ethics - Essay Example A minimum ethical standard is expected from the behaviour of public servants and this has become a major issue for every government. NPM involves maintaining proper allocation of responsibilities for public servants, managing budgetary constraints and implementing innovations in public services. In this era of globalization, where almost every country is participating in the international trade of goods and services, it has become even more vital that public services be conducted in ethical manner to enhance international economic relations. For conduct management of public servants, it is necessary that an efficient management system be in place. The principles that are to be used by any government should comply with the socioeconomic structure of its country. These principles can be used by political leaders to assess how efficiently ethic management regulations are followed and how well ethics is maintained at every operational level of the government. The Basics of New Public Man agement The overall success of NPM and its businesslike approach depends on further development of management principles to ensure that NPM is effective in sustaining ethical efficiency in public sector. The purpose is to manage integrity in public services within the framework of NPM. ... The three aspects are virtues that need to be developed, rules that need to be duly followed, and focus should be on getting positive results. In order to work within the framework of the triangle, certain drawbacks of public services need to be avoided like overstating the advantages of any proposal, hiding errors, not making maximum usage of established systems, practicing favoritism, not accepting responsibilities for a mistake, etc. In order to do maximum good to the maximum number of people in a community, emphasis should be on doing the right thing according to the set rules (Bowman, et al., 2010, pp.78-79). The principle of NPM includes various elements like consistent increase in efficiency, use of recently developed technologies, public servants with the goal to maintain discipline in their activities, proper implementation of professional management role, and managers being given liberty in performing their tasks (Kolthoff et al., 2007, p.400). However, in spite of the abov e mentioned elements, the businesslike approach of public administration can have a serious negative impact on democracy because such technique is faced by a consistent accountability problem. Even the strong advocators of public entrepreneurship policies in democratic governance cannot ignore the questions of accountability. The elements attached to public entrepreneurs like promoting own virtues, tendency towards non-compliance with rules and regulations, striving for power, taking risks, all these conflict with the democratic theory (Terry, 1998, pp.197-198). Ethics is often defined as acting in accordance with one’s â€Å"good personal conscience† (Somerville, 2004, p.284). This is not always right as doing ethics is a long and complicated process. One aspect of public

History of Chinese Revolutions

History of Chinese Revolutions The etymology of revolution is interesting and it can be defined in many ways.[1] As in a historical process, a revolution usually refers to a movement that destroyed an old regime and made a completed change in the fundamental institutions of society and/or nation. After the French Revolution of the eighteenth century, which deposed the monarchy and attempted to refashion society from top to bottom, revolution seemed to become synonymous with the radical overcoming of the past to achieve total transformation. Revolution, in the eye of many, can be viewed as just a conventional term accustomed to the expression. People may think it is not necessary to explore the rhetoric meaning of the term revolution. However, from the historical long-term observation, the effects of revolution on a country and/or society can be quite significant to their future generations. A revolution does not happen for the subjective result of a few people, but the objective situation of the past. Aristotle (b. 384 d. 322 BCE), a Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist, interpreted revolution as political change (metabolà ª).[2] He once said, Everyone agrees that justice involves treating equal persons equally, and treating unequal persons unequally, but they do not agree on the standard by which individuals are deemed to be equally (or unequally) meritorious or deserving.[3]   Pincus, after surveying theoretical literature on revolutions, focused much of his analysis on the notion that revolutions occur only when states have embarked on ambitious state modernization programs.[4] Chiang Ching-kuo, the former president of Republic of China, believed that the so-called revolution is to overthrow the old system and establish a new system. In order to overthrow the unreasonable old system, revolution is with a mission for creation. Therefore, the sacrifice of the revolutionaries is not destruction but regeneration.'[5] Two historical examples provided are the Japanese Meji Restoration of 1868 (Meji Ishin) and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 (Xinhai Revolution). The Meji Restoration of 1868 The Meiji Restoration of 1868 marked the beginning of Japanese revolutionary from feudal system to monarchy constitutional government. The reform movement was motivated by the context of Western industrialization and capitalism. It is viewed as the beginning of the Japanese modernization with the establishment of modern political system and economic implementation, the promotion of Western technology and civilized social life, and the development of education. This reform made Japan the first county in Asia to embark for industrialization and become a powerful country in the world. During the Tokugawa era (1600-1868), Japan was under the centralized feudal system in which the so-called lords served an authoritarian government in Edo for more than 200 domains. Although peoples lives under the feudal system were stable, the thoughts of modernization for the country started to grow in some leaders mind after the industrial revolution. When American Commodore Matthew C. Perry came to Japan in large warships with armament and technology to conclude a treaty, the Japanese realized that they were behind the European world.[6]   Change to further develop the country became a must; the Tokugawa Shogunate decided to open Japan to the foreigners in 1854, in compliance with demands from the Americans; as a result, the political life in Japan had irrevocably changed.[7] When the young Mutsuhito was enthroned on January 3, 1868, he claimed his power to begin the Meiji Restoration.[8] On January 3, 1868, the Emperor made a formal declaration of the restoration of his power: The Emperor of Japan announces to the sovereigns of all foreign countries and to their subjects that permission has been granted to the Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu to return the governing power in accordance with his own request. We shall henceforward exercise supreme authority in all the internal and external affairs of the country. Consequently the title of Emperor must be substituted for that of Taikun, in which the treaties have been made. Officers are being appointed by us to the conduct of foreign affairs. It is desirable that the representatives of the treaty powers recognize this announcement. -à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °Mutsuhito, January 3, 1868 The word Meiji means enlightened rule and the goal was to combine modern advances with traditional eastern values.[9]   The Meiji Emperor announced in his 1868 Charter Oath that Knowledge shall be sought all over the world, and thereby the foundations of imperial rule shall be strengthened.[10]   From 1868 to 1912, the Meji Restoration was successful in its unified centralized system for forty-five years. The Meji Restoration brought Japan to a rapid rise not only in Asia but also in Europe. Through its learning from the West, Japan was successfully reformed from the feudal system and moved forward to the path of developing capitalism. The Meji government, in addition to overthrow the feudal system, it established and developed Japan to become the first modernized country based on the Europe model in Asia.[11] In social system, it abolished the disabilities, agriculture, industry, business identity system and established household registration law. In social and cultural aspects, it promoted Western culture and literature, and used regular calendar instead of lunar calendar (with exception of the year). The Government replaced the traditional Confucian hierarchical order that had persisted previously under a dominant China with one based on modernity.[12] In order for the centralized state with a strong national identity, the government established a dominant nation dialect, standard language (hyojungo) to replace the local and regional dialects that was based on the patterns of Tokyo samurai classes. This hyojungo then became the norm in the realms of education, media, government and business.[13] During the Meji Restoration Era, the government adopted the Western industrial technology, reformed the land system to allow property sales, implemented new property tax policy, and unified currency. In 1882, the Bank of Japan was opened to promote the development of industrialization. Moreover, the development of a national railway system and modern communication was also established.[14] The Chinese Revolution of 1911 The Revolution of 1911, so-called Xinhai Revolution, has its important status and role to the Chinese. It is the 1911 Revolution brought the Chinese to the rise of democracy that overthrew the Qing government and two thousand years of monarchy.[15] The revolution ended with the abdication of the six-year-old Last Emperor, Puyi, on February 12, 1912 that marked the beginning of Chinas early republican era (1912-1926),[16] It is the 1911 Revolution that made Dr. Sun Yat-sen a Chinese giant in the twentieth century and the National Father of all Chinese. In 1901, the Empress Dowager, who moved to Xian from Beijing because of the Battle of the Eight Power Allied Force, announced a reform. The late Qing government, in order to consolidate the precarious regime, still concentrated to centralize its power and strengthened the government military and political forces. A new government administration was launched and the government strategic priorities focused on the official peoples lives, imperial examinations, and military and political changes. With a reform in progression, the Qing government still stressed that the Reform Movement of 1898 was illegal. There was no strong intention to make the reform happen for the country. Moreover, the Qing government joined forces with the Western allies to suppress the Boxers. In 1904, Sun Yat-sen announced his mission to expel the Tatar barbarians, to revive Zhonghua, to establish a Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people (à ©Ã‚ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ©Ã… ¸Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã… “, à ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯, à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ µÃƒ §Ã‚ «Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã…“†¹, à ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã…  ).[17] The following year, Sun Yat-sen successfully united the Revive China Society, Huaxinghui and Guangfuhui in the summer of 1905, thereby establishing the unified Tonmenghui (United League) in August 1905 in Tokyo.[18] In 1906, the imperial examination was abolished and the Qing government established new schools and encouraged students to study abroad. Many young people attended the new schools or went abroad to study in places such Japan.[19] During the time, Sun Yat-set received the overseas Chinese support that people actively participated in the funding of revolutionary activities, especially the Southeast Asia Chinese of Malaya (Singapore and Malaysia).[20] Many of these groups were reorganized by Sun, what was referred to as the father of the Chinese revolution.[21] Beginning in 1908, the revolutionaries started to shift their calls to the new armies. Sun yat-sen and other revolutionaries infiltrated the New Amy.[22] On April 27, 1911, the Guanzhu Uprising took place in Huanghuagang (à ©Ã‚ »Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¨Ã…  Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ²Ã‚ ¡), known as the second Guanzhu Uprising (à ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ »Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ©) or Yellow Flower Mound Revolt (à ©Ã‚ »Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¨Ã…  Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ²Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¹). The Uprising fails and only seventy-two bodies were found; the 72 revolutionaries were remembered as matyrs.[23] Lin Juemen, one of the revolutionaries, wrote the legendary letter A Letter to My Wife (à ¨Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¨Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¸), was viewed as a masterpiece in Chinese literature.[24] On November 1, 1911, the Qing government appointed Yuan Shikai as the Primary Minister of the imperial cabinet.[25] The Revolution of 1911 failed in the ultimate sense due to the historical limitation of the Chinese social nature and peoples living conditions.   The impacts of the revolution were significantly recognized by the Chinese and the Western power. It created a profound impact on the Chinese modern world history.   First of all, the Revolution successfully destroyed the over two thousand years of monarchy.   Secondly, the Revolution was considered as a far-reaching enlightenment movement. The concept and the existence of the republic system engraved in peoples mind. Although the Revolution did not directly facilitate the development of capitalism, the establishment of republic system effected the modernization for the country.   Lastly, the Revolution of 1911 opened the door for the Chinese to interact with the world. Politically, it created a new chapter for Chinese democracy. Economically, it paved a way for Chinese industrialization. Cognitively, many highl y educated Chinese were able to overcome the confusion and frustration from the failure experience and continued to proactively move forward to fulfill their mission for Chinas true modernization. [1] According to Merriam-Webster Incorporated 2017, a sudden, radical, or complete change; a fundamental change in political organization;   activity or movement designed to effect fundamental changes in socioeconomic situation; a fundamental change in the way of thinking about or visualizing something; and/or a changeover in use or preference especially in technology Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. 2017. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/revolution (accessed date: March 10, 2017). [2] Miller, Fred. Aristotles Political Theory. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . 2012. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/ (accessed March 11, 2017). [3] Ibid. [4] (Pincus 2009, 33) [5] (Qi 1991, 258) [6] (Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosaewein, R. Po-chia Hsia et al. 2009) [7] (Huffman 2003) The Tokugawa promised the newly arrived Westerners demanding trade, showing off new customs (including the scandalous tendency of women to accompany men to public events), practicing the forbidden Christian religion, and taking sides in Japans political dispute. [8] (Satow 1968, 353) [9] (Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosaewein, R. Po-chia Hsia et al. 2009) [10] (Kissinger 2011, 79) [11] (Shih 2011, 2) [12]   Ibid. [13] Ibid. [14] (Yamamura, Success Forgotten The Role of Meji Militarism in Japans Technological Porgress 1977) [15] (Li 2007, 13) [16] Ibid. 26-27 [17] (Qiufeng Ji, Qingbao Zhu 2001, 468) [18] Ibid. [19] (Fenby 2008, 96) [20] (Gao 2009, 156) Issue of 25 of Historical Dictionaries of Ancient Civilizations and Historical Ear [21] Ibid. 29 [22] (Spence 1990, 250-256) [23] (à §Ã… ½Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ° 2006, 195-196) [24] (Langmead 2011, 5-6) [25] (Rhoads 2000, 183)